EurGeol Dr. rer. nat. Lutz Krakow & Dipl.-Geol. Franziska Schunke

Current clay potential in Germany | Part 8: Raw materials from the Palaeogene and Neogene (Tertiary) systems

»1 Global plate tectonics development from the Cretaceous to the Eocene From/Aus [1]
»1 Global plate tectonics development from the Cretaceous to the Eocene
From/Aus [1]
»2 Average global temperature during geological history From/Aus [4]
»2 Average global temperature during geological history
From/Aus [4]
»3 Palaeogeographic reconstruction of Central Europe at the time of the Eocene From/Aus [1]
»3 Palaeogeographic reconstruction of Central Europe at the time of the Eocene
From/Aus [1]
»4 Paralic white kaolin clay from the Eocene/Geisel Valley southwest of Halle Photo/Foto: Krakow (2012)
»4 Paralic white kaolin clay from the Eocene/Geisel Valley southwest of Halle
Photo/Foto: Krakow (2012)
»5 Marine green glauconite-celadonite clay from the Eocene/Mainz Basin Photo/Foto: Krakow (2009)
»5 Marine green glauconite-celadonite clay from the Eocene/Mainz Basin
Photo/Foto: Krakow (2009)
»6 Palaeogeographic reconstruction of Central Europe at the time of the Oligocene From/Aus [1]
»6 Palaeogeographic reconstruction of Central Europe at the time of the Oligocene
From/Aus [1]
»7 Marine Rupelian clay from the Lower Oligocene/Anhalt-Bitterfeld Photo/Foto: Krakow (2016)
»7 Marine Rupelian clay from the Lower Oligocene/Anhalt-Bitterfeld
Photo/Foto: Krakow (2016)
»8 Raw kaolin and kaolin from the Upper Oligocene to the Miocene/Upper Lausitz Photo/Foto: Krakow (2007)
»8 Raw kaolin and kaolin from the Upper Oligocene to the Miocene/
Upper Lausitz
Photo/Foto: Krakow (2007)
»9 Geological transect of the Tertiary with assignment of locations, simplified model by the Dr. Krakow Rohstoffe GmbH (2019)
»9 Geological transect of the Tertiary with assignment of locations, simplified model by the Dr. Krakow Rohstoffe GmbH (2019)
»10 Autochthonous weathering profile on Devonian argillaceous schist/Taunus Photo/Foto: Stephan Schmidt KG (2008)
»10 Autochthonous weathering profile on Devonian argillaceous schist/Taunus
Photo/Foto: Stephan Schmidt KG (2008)
»11 Sedimentary clay deposit in the upper part of Devonian massive lime-stone/Taunus Photo/Foto: Krakow (2017)
»11 Sedimentary clay deposit in the upper part of Devonian massive lime-stone/Taunus
Photo/Foto: Krakow (2017)
»12 Palaeogeographic reconstruction of Central Europe at the time of the Miocene From/Aus [3]
»12 Palaeogeographic reconstruction of Central Europe at the time of the Miocene
From/Aus [3]
»13 Extraction of Lower Miocene kaolin clays in the Urnaab Valley/Upper Palatinate Photo/Foto: Herde (2004)
»13 Extraction of Lower Miocene kaolin clays in the Urnaab Valley/Upper Palatinate
Photo/Foto: Herde (2004)
»14 Railway loading of Upper Miocene bottle clays south of Cottbus/Lower Lausitz Photo/Foto: Krakow (2009)
»14 Railway loading of Upper Miocene bottle clays south of Cottbus/Lower Lausitz
Photo/Foto: Krakow (2009)
»15 Screen oversize > 125 µm of raw kaolin with much coarse quartz Photo/Foto: Dr. Krakow Rohstoffe GmbH (2017)
»15 Screen oversize > 125 µm of raw kaolin with much coarse quartz
Photo/Foto: Dr. Krakow Rohstoffe GmbH (2017)
»16 Screen oversize > 125 µm of kaolinitic clay with a great deal of pyrite and quartz Photo/Foto: Dr. Krakow Rohstoffe GmbH (2017)
»16 Screen oversize > 125 µm of kaolinitic clay with a great deal of pyrite and quartz
Photo/Foto: Dr. Krakow Rohstoffe GmbH (2017)
»17 Screen oversize > 125 µm of illitic-kaolinitic clay with goethite, haematite and quartz Photo/Foto: Dr. Krakow Rohstoffe GmbH (2018)
»17 Screen oversize > 125 µm of illitic-kaolinitic clay with goethite, haematite and quartz
Photo/Foto: Dr. Krakow Rohstoffe GmbH (2018)
»18 Screen oversize > 125 µm of glauconitic clay with glauconite, pyrite and quartz Photo/Foto: Dr. Krakow Rohstoffe GmbH (2018)
»18 Screen oversize > 125 µm of glauconitic clay with glauconite,
pyrite and quartz
Photo/Foto: Dr. Krakow Rohstoffe GmbH (2018)

In the Palaeogene and Lower Neogene, global warming culminated in an extreme greenhouse climate and deep kaolinization of the subsurface. As a result of limnic-fluviatile restratification, the most important clay deposits in geological history were formed worldwide. Whereas Continental kaolins and illitic-kaolinitic clays are becoming increasingly important, marine clay potential is tending to decrease in importance.

1 Global geology and tectonics

The Palaeogene and Neogene systems represent almost the entire Cenozoic era. They are summarized under the traditional term “Tertiary”. Tertiary sediments were described for the first time in the year 1759 [2]. These were understood to be loose or only lightly consolidated sediments at the foot of the Italian Alps. The Tertiary period began 66.0 mill. years and ended 2.588 mill. years ago. It is covered by the youngest geological system, the Quaternary ice age.

The global plate tectonic development was determined primarily by the divergence of the Atlantic and the...

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ZI 3/2019

Ressort:  Technical Paper | Fachbeitrag
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