Prof. Dr.-Ing. Christoph Butenweg, Marko Marinković M.Sc., Thomas Kubalski M.Sc., Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ekkehard Fehling, Dipl.-Ing. Thomas Pfetzing M.Sc., Dr.-Ing. Udo Meyer

Design of reinforced concrete enclosures infilled with clay block masonry (Part 2)

»11 Macro model with diagonal struts (left) and pusher spring (right) [9] Photos/Fotos: authors/Autoren
»11 Macro model with diagonal struts (left) and pusher spring (right) [9]
Photos/Fotos: authors/Autoren
»12 Reinforcement system (a), reinforced-concrete frame (b) and infilled frame (c)
»12 Reinforcement system (a), reinforced-concrete frame (b) and infilled frame (c)
»13 MZ 70 clay block (a), block placement situation (b), mortaring the top joint (c), finished infill wall (d)
»13 MZ 70 clay block (a), block placement situation (b), mortaring the top joint (c), finished infill wall (d)
»14 Frame variant A: test results and macro model simulation
»14 Frame variant A: test results and macro model simulation
»15 Cracks in vicinity of frame corner (left) + at foot of post (right)
»15 Cracks in vicinity of frame corner (left) + at foot of post (right)
»16 Load protocol for variant B with in-plane and out-of-plane load application
»16 Load protocol for variant B with in-plane and out-of-plane load application
»17 Frame variant B in-plane: test results and macro model simulation
»17 Frame variant B in-plane: test results and macro model simulation
»18 Lateral view of out-of-plane displacements after out-of-plane loading (left) and on completion of subsequent in-plane loading (right)
»18 Lateral view of out-of-plane displacements after out-of-plane loading (left) and on completion of subsequent in-plane loading (right)
»19 Open joints (above) and corner-block failure
»19 Open joints (above) and corner-block failure
»20 IMES system with elastomers and anchor connector
»20 IMES system with elastomers and anchor connector
»21 Load profile for variant C with in-plane and out-of-plane loading
»21 Load profile for variant C with in-plane and out-of-plane loading
»22 Compression of the elastomer (left) and gap formation on the opposite side (right)
»22 Compression of the elastomer (left) and gap formation on the opposite side (right)
»23 Cracking pattern after second in-plane loading phase
»23 Cracking pattern after second in-plane loading phase
»24 Comparison of micro model simulation findings for variants A, B and C
»24 Comparison of micro model simulation findings for variants A, B and C

Within the scope of the joint European project INSYSME, the German partners developed two systems - IMES and INODIS -  for improving the seismic behaviour of masonry infilled reinforced concrete frames. The purpose of both systems is to decouple frame and infill instead of working to improve their load-bearing capacity by means of elaborate, expensive, supplementary reinforcing elements. Initial findings for the IMES system with regard to the loads acting in-plane and perpendicular to the wall plane (out-of-plane) are presented.

4 Numerical models

4.1 Modelling strategies

The load-bearing behaviour of masonry infilled reinforced concrete enclosures can be described by means of micro, meso and macro level models displaying significant differences in level of detail and, hence, in modelling effort. In all models, the reinforced concrete frame must be modelled with a realistic approach to stiffness. As far as the infill masonry is concerned, micro-models constitute the most precise, but also the most elaborate and cost-intensive form of modelling, because the masonry units and the joints are treated separately. At the meso...

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