Methods of evaluation for raw material suitability and body optimization (Part 2)

»1 Ternary diagram showing natural ranges for roof tiles, floor filler blocks, checker bricks and solid bricks acc. to Winkler. 1954 [38] (19 roof tiles,19 floor filler blocks, 6 checker bricks, 3 solid bricks) Figures/Bilder: Stefan Vogt
»1 Ternary diagram showing natural ranges for roof tiles, floor filler blocks, checker bricks and solid bricks acc. to Winkler. 1954 [38] (19 roof tiles,19 floor filler blocks, 6 checker bricks, 3 solid bricks)
Figures/Bilder: Stefan Vogt
»2 Ternary diagram with natural ranges for roof tiles, vertically perforated bricks and solid bricks acc. to Schmidt. 1973 [39] (80 roof-tile bodies, 35 vertically perforated brick bodies and 35 solid brick bodies)
»2 Ternary diagram with natural ranges for roof tiles, vertically perforated bricks and solid bricks acc. to Schmidt. 1973 [39] (80 roof-tile bodies, 35 vertically perforated brick bodies and 35 solid brick bodies)
»3 Ternary diagram with natural ranges for roof tiles, floor filler blocks, soft-mud bricks, vertically perforated bricks and engineering bricks acc. to author’s own readings in recent years (28 roof tile bodies, 4 floor filler block bodies, 2 soft-mud brick bodies, 63 vertically perforated brick bodies and 21 engineering brick bodies)
»3 Ternary diagram with natural ranges for roof tiles, floor filler blocks, soft-mud bricks, vertically perforated bricks and engineering bricks acc. to author’s own readings in recent years (28 roof tile bodies, 4 floor filler block bodies, 2 soft-mud brick bodies, 63 vertically perforated brick bodies and 21 engineering brick bodies)
»4 Placement of clay and non-clay minerals in the Winkler ternary diagram according to statistical investigation of granulometric expectation values by the author [33, 36]
»4 Placement of clay and non-clay minerals in the Winkler ternary diagram according to statistical investigation of granulometric expectation values by the author [33, 36]
»5 Revised Winkler diagram for roof tiles, floor filler blocks, soft-mud bricks, vertically perforated bricks, solid bricks and engineering bricks (broken line – core region <80%, solid line – total natural range)
»5 Revised Winkler diagram for roof tiles, floor filler blocks, soft-mud bricks, vertically perforated bricks, solid bricks and engineering bricks (broken line – core region <80%, solid line – total natural range)
»6 Natural range of especially frostproof roof tiles acc. to Ruppik [70] (various freeze-thaw-cycle /FTC repetition levels) and area of highest packing density with &lt;25% pore volume after tempering of specimens at 600° C (Author’s own research)
»6 Natural range of especially frostproof roof tiles acc. to Ruppik [70] (various freeze-thaw-cycle /FTC repetition levels) and area of highest packing density with <25% pore volume after tempering of specimens at 600° C (Author’s own research)
»7 Hypothetical through-fraction curves for the highest flexural/compressive strength after drying, based on data from [81, 82]
»7 Hypothetical through-fraction curves for the highest flexural/compressive strength after drying, based on data from [81, 82]
»8 Augustinik diagram from 1975 [50, 51] for diverse heavy clay products
»8 Augustinik diagram from 1975 [50, 51] for diverse heavy clay products
»9 Revised Augustinik diagram for various heavy clay products
»9 Revised Augustinik diagram for various heavy clay products
»10 Quartz inversion points ranging between 600° C and 550° C taken from dilatometric curves, as functions of free quartz content (own testing of 124 clays and body compositions)
»10 Quartz inversion points ranging between 600° C and 550° C taken from dilatometric curves, as functions of free quartz content (own testing of 124 clays and body compositions)
»11 Complex mineral analysis by evolutionary methods using the SimClay program
»11 Complex mineral analysis by evolutionary methods using the SimClay program

A number of veteran methods for evaluating the suitability of raw materials, including the Winkler diagram, the Augustinik diagram and material qualification testing according to Freyburg, are critically examined and accommodated to presently employed product qualities and production technologies. Based on past experience with quantitative mineral analysis, mineral compositions considered optimal for diverse heavy clay product categories are stated. Here in part 2, a procedure is described for the pre-optimization of body compositions by means of simple search techniques, linear optimization methods and algorithms.

3 Optimization of body compositions

The described methods of suitability evaluation also provide a foundation for the goals-oriented pre-optimization of body compositions, both for new plants and for the alteration of bodies in use at existing plants. The typical ceramic body consists of one or several economically obtainable primary clays or loamy clays. More expensive amending clay may also be included for its outstanding properties. The specialist responsible for optimizing the body must be well-versed in geology and have comprehensive knowledge of the characteristics of the material to be...

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ZI 6/2015

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ZI 6/2015

Ressort:  Technical Paper | Fachbeitrag
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Robert Thomas Metall- und Elektrowerke GmbH & Co. KG
www.rotho.de

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